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Objective: To understand the core knowledge level and influencing factors of chronic disease prevention and control in Adults in China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating chronic disease prevention and control measures. Methods: In this study, cross-sectional survey and quota sampling were used to recruit 173 819 permanent residents aged 18 and above from 302 counties of adult chronic diseases and nutrition surveillance in China to conduct an online questionnaire survey, including basic information and core knowledge of chronic diseases. The scores of the core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control were described by median and interquartile range, the Wilcoxon rank sum test or the Kruskal Wallis test was used for the inter-group comparison, and the correlation factors of the total score were analyzed by the multilinear regression model. Results: A total of 172 808 participants were surveyed in 302 counties and districts, of which 42.60%(73 623) were male and 57.40%(99 185) were female; The proportion of respondents aged 18-44, 45-59, and 60 years old and above was 54.74% (94 594), 30.91% (53 423) and 14.35% (24 791), respectively. The total score of the core knowledge of chronic prevention and control in the total population was 66(13), and the scores of different characteristic groups were different, and the differences were statistically significant: the eastern region had the highest score at 67(11) (H=840.66, P<0.01), the urban 66(12) was higher than the rural 65(14) (Z=-31.35, P<0.01), and the male 66(14) was lower than female 66(12) (Z=-11.66, P<0.01), 18-24 years old 64(13) was lower than other age groups(H=115.80, P<0.01), and undergraduate degree and above had the highest score compared to other academic qualifications, with 68(9) points(H=2 547.25, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that eastern (t=27.42, P<0.01), central (t=17.33, P<0.01), urban (t=5.69, P<0.01), female (t=17.81, P<0.01), high age (t=46.04, P<0.01) and high education (t=57.77, P<0.01) had higher scores of core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control than other groups, the scores of core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control of professional and technical personnel (t=8.63, P<0.01), state enterprises and institutions (t=38.67, P<0.01), agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy production (t=5.30, P<0.01), production, transportation and commercial personnel (t=24.87, P<0.01), and other workers (t=8.89, P<0.01) were higher than those of non-employed people. Conclusion: There are differences in the total scores of the core knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control in different characteristics of people in China, and in the future, health education on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be strengthened for specific groups to improve the knowledge level of residents.
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Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , East Asian People , Occupations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genotyping characteristics of human fecal Escherichia coli( E. coli) and the relationships between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and multidrug resistance (MDR) of E. coli in Miyun District, Beijing, an area with high incidence of infectious diarrheal cases but no related data.@*METHODS@#Over a period of 3 years, 94 E. coli strains were isolated from fecal samples collected from Miyun District Hospital, a surveillance hospital of the National Pathogen Identification Network. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method. ARGs, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and polymorphism trees were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data (WGS).@*RESULTS@#This study revealed that 68.09% of the isolates had MDR, prevalent and distributed in different clades, with a relatively high rate and low pathogenicity. There was no difference in MDR between the diarrheal (49/70) and healthy groups (15/24).@*CONCLUSION@#We developed a random forest (RF) prediction model of TEM.1 + baeR + mphA + mphB + QnrS1 + AAC.3-IId to identify MDR status, highlighting its potential for early resistance identification. The causes of MDR are likely mobile units transmitting the ARGs. In the future, we will continue to strengthen the monitoring of ARGs and MDR, and increase the number of strains to further verify the accuracy of the MDR markers.
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Humans , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Genotype , Beijing , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Diarrhea , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To study the cutting error of central corneal thickness(CCT)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)in patients with different degrees of myopia. <p>METHODS: Myopic patients who had undergone SMILE surgery from May 2020 to September 2020 at the Jiangsu Province Hospital were included in the study. Data were organized by refractive status into low, moderate, and high myopia groups. The CCT was measured by the Pentacam anterior segment analysis system preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 3mo. Among different myopia groups, the cutting error(ΔCCT, defined as the difference between actual CCT and the predicted CCT)was calculated simultaneously during each visit. The difference ratio of ΔCCT and the relationship between ΔCCT, CCT, and cutting diameter were analyzed. <p>RESULTS: There were 221 patients(432 eyes)included in our study. At 3mo after operation, the ΔCCT in the high myopia group was larger than the low and moderate myopia group(χ<sup>2</sup>=225.74, 62.55; all <i>P</i><0.01), and the moderate myopia group was larger than the low myopia group(χ<sup>2</sup>=132.77, <i>P</i><0.01). The cutting deviation rate was also significantly different among three groups at 1 and 3mo after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis found that there was a linear regression relationship among preoperative refractive power, optical zone diameter and the central corneal cutting error at 3mo after operation(<i>r</i>=0.699, <i>P</i><0.001; <i>r</i>=0.572, <i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: The ΔCCT after SMILE increased with the increased of myopia, and the cutting error was positively correlated with preoperative equivalent spherical power and optical zone diameter.
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The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) integrate various inputs to the cerebellum and form the final cerebellar outputs critical for associative sensorimotor learning. However, the functional relevance of distinct neuronal subpopulations within the DCN remains poorly understood. Here, we examined a subpopulation of mouse DCN neurons whose axons specifically project to the ventromedial (Vm) thalamus (DCNVm neurons), and found that these neurons represent a specific subset of DCN units whose activity varies with trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC), a classical associative sensorimotor learning task. Upon conditioning, the activity of DCNVm neurons signaled the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs). Optogenetic activation and inhibition of the DCNVm neurons in well-trained mice amplified and diminished the CRs, respectively. Chemogenetic manipulation of the DCNVm neurons had no effects on non-associative motor coordination. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the DCNVm neurons caused rapid elevated firing activity in the cingulate cortex, a brain area critical for bridging the time gap between sensory stimuli and motor execution during tEBC. Together, our data highlights DCNVm neurons' function and delineates their kinematic parameters that modulate the strength of associative sensorimotor responses.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blinking , Cerebellar Nuclei/physiology , Cerebellum , Neurons/physiology , ThalamusABSTRACT
While the hippocampus has been implicated in supporting the association among time-separated events, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Here, we combined in vivo multi-channel recording and optogenetics to investigate the activity of hippocampal interneurons in freely-moving mice performing a trace eyeblink conditioning (tEBC) task. We found that the hippocampal interneurons exhibited conditioned stimulus (CS)-evoked sustained activity, which predicted the performance of conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs) in the early acquisition of the tEBC. Consistent with this, greater proportions of hippocampal pyramidal cells showed CS-evoked decreased activity in the early acquisition of the tEBC. Moreover, optogenetic suppression of the sustained activity in hippocampal interneurons severely impaired acquisition of the tEBC. In contrast, suppression of the sustained activity of hippocampal interneurons had no effect on the performance of well-learned CRs. Our findings highlight the role of hippocampal interneurons in the tEBC, and point to a potential cellular mechanism subserving associative learning.
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Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into the assessment of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and the scientific formulation of the schistosomiasis surveillance strategy. Methods From 2015 to 2019, a total of 19 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites were assigned in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, including 4 fixed sites and 15 mobile sites. Snail survey was performed by means of systematic sampling in combination with environmental sampling, and the infection of Schistosoma japonicum was detected by the crushing method combined with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results From 2015 to 2019, snail habitats were detected at areas of 17 040 to 39 527 m2, including 6 214 m2 emerging snail habitats and 16 563 m2 re-emerging snail habitats. The overall mean density of living snails was 0.019 2 snails/0.1 m2 and the occurrence of frames with snails was 1.11% in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. The area of snail habitats increased by 121.46% in the national surveillance sites in 2019 as compared to that in 2015; however, 50.34% (Z = −0.422, P > 0.05) and 42.85% (χ2 = 130.41, P < 0.01) reductions were seen in the overall means density of living snails and the occurrence of frames with snails. All snail habitats were distributed in the 4 fixed surveillance sites, and were mainly found in ditches, paddy fields and dry lands, with weeds as the primary vegetation type. Conclusions There are still risk factors leading to re-emergent transmission of schistosomiasis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, such as local snail spread, and the monitoring of schistosomiasis remains to be reinforced to further consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis elimination in the region.
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@#AIM:Comparison of curative effect of different surgical methods on children with meibomian cyst.<p>METHODS: Totally 150 children who needed meibomian gland cyst surgery were selected and divided into traditional group and cauterization group. The traditional group used traditional surgical excision and the cauterization group took cysts to remove povidone-iodinated cotton tablets. The average operation time, the probability of hematoma, cure rate, recurrence rate and family satisfaction. <p>RESULTS:There was no significant difference in general data of children in traditional group and cautery group(<i>P</i>>0.05). The average operation time of the traditional group and the cautery group were(14.5±2.58)min and(12.29±1.53)min(<i>P</i><0.05); the probability of hematoma was 21.3% and 9.3%, and the cautery group had less compared with the traditional group(<i>P</i><0.05); The total effective rates of the cautery group and the traditional group were 97.3% and 89.3% respectively(<i>P</i>>0.05), there were fewer children in the cautery group(<i>P</i>>0.05); the satisfaction of the family members of the children in the cauterization group was 97.3%, better than the traditional group 86.7%(χ2=4.832, <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:The use of cyst curettage plus povidone-iodine cotton tablets for cauterization can reduce the operation time and hematoma rate of meibomian gland cysts, and the curative effect is high. It is worthy of clinical application.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the effects, advantages, disadvantages, and indications of infrabrow skin excision to correct upper eyelid dermatochalasis in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.<p>METHODS: Sixty eyelids in 30 patients were subjected to this surgical procedure from January to June 2018. All patients had upper eyelid dermatochalasis, and the functions of their levator palpebrae were all normal. The primary indications of the procedure were upper lid dermatochalasis with lateral hooding. All 30 patients underwent infrabrow skin excision at Shanxi Eye Hospital. The degree of skin relaxation before and after surgery was evaluated in all patients, and surgical outcomes and postoperative complications were also assessed.<p>RESULTS: All patients were female, ranging from 40 to 64(mean: 53.20±7.10)years old. Skin relaxation of the upper eyelid was improved in all 30 patients. One month after the operation, 52 lids(86.7%)showed good results and 8 lids(13.33%)showed fair results. The objective Strasser system was applied to evaluate surgical results at 1 and 6mo. All patients had scores between 0 and 1 point, indicating good results. Preoperative unsatisfactory position and shape of the eyebrows were improved, and crow's feet and frontal lines were reduced. All patients were satisfied with the results. No complications related to wound dehiscence, lagophthalmos, or hypertrophic scars were observed.<p>CONCLUSION: Infrabrow skin excision is a simple, useful operation to reconstruct the upper eyelids in selected patients of Chinese ancestry. This procedure not only retains the advantages of classic blepharoplasty, but also alleviates many eyebrow problems at the same time, and maintains the original shape of the eyelid, minimizes scarring, and produces a smoother, more youthful appearance.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of malaria and explore the targeted control strategy in Guangxi from 2011 to 2018. Methods The malaria surveillance data were collected in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, and a descriptive method was employed to analyze the epidemiological features of the malaria cases. Results A total of 2 944 malaria cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including a case with local infection (0.03%) and 2 943 imported cases (99.97%). There were 2 933 cases (99.63%) positive for Plasmodium confirmed by laboratory testing, including 2 166 cases (73.86%) with P. falciparum malaria, 388 cases (13.23%) with P. ovale malaria, 276 cases (9.41%) with P. vivax malaria, 40 cases (1.36%) with P. malariae malaria and 62 cases (2.11%) with mixed infections, and 11 clinically diagnosed cases (0.37%). The malaria cases were distributed in 91 counties (districts) of 14 cities in Guangxi, with the largest number of cases found in Nanning City (2 515 cases, 85.43%). The malaria cases were originated from 29 countries in Africa (94.67%), 7 countries in Southeast Asia (5.10%), one country in South America (0.07%), 2 countries in South Asia and China (0.10%). In African countries, most malaria cases were from Ghana (1 947 cases, 66.13%), and in Southeast Asian countries, most cases were from Myanmar (75 cases, 2.55%). Most malaria cases were young men, and 2 899 cases (98.13%) were male, while 2 583 cases (87.74%) were at ages of 20 to 49 years. Gold washing and mining was the predominant occupation (2 561 cases, 86.99%), and the malaria cases were reported in each month across the year, with the largest number of cases detected in June (665 cases, 22.59%), while no season-specific distribution was found. There were 1 431 cases (48.61%) reported by disease control and prevention institutions, 1 511 cases (51.30%) reported by medical institutions, and 2 cases (0.07%) reported by inspection and quarantine institutions. During the period from 2011 to 2018, there were 6 deaths of imported malaria cases in Guangxi, and no secondary cases were reported. Conclusions The epidemic situation of local malaria has been effectively controlled in Guangxi; however, there is a great challenge for the management of overseas imported malaria. Strengthening the monitoring and management of migrant labors is the key to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of malaria and explore the targeted control strategy in Guangxi from 2011 to 2018. Methods The malaria surveillance data were collected in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, and a descriptive method was employed to analyze the epidemiological features of the malaria cases. Results A total of 2 944 malaria cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including a case with local infection (0.03%) and 2 943 imported cases (99.97%). There were 2 933 cases (99.63%) positive for Plasmodium confirmed by laboratory testing, including 2 166 cases (73.86%) with P. falciparum malaria, 388 cases (13.23%) with P. ovale malaria, 276 cases (9.41%) with P. vivax malaria, 40 cases (1.36%) with P. malariae malaria and 62 cases (2.11%) with mixed infections, and 11 clinically diagnosed cases (0.37%). The malaria cases were distributed in 91 counties (districts) of 14 cities in Guangxi, with the largest number of cases found in Nanning City (2 515 cases, 85.43%). The malaria cases were originated from 29 countries in Africa (94.67%), 7 countries in Southeast Asia (5.10%), one country in South America (0.07%), 2 countries in South Asia and China (0.10%). In African countries, most malaria cases were from Ghana (1 947 cases, 66.13%), and in Southeast Asian countries, most cases were from Myanmar (75 cases, 2.55%). Most malaria cases were young men, and 2 899 cases (98.13%) were male, while 2 583 cases (87.74%) were at ages of 20 to 49 years. Gold washing and mining was the predominant occupation (2 561 cases, 86.99%), and the malaria cases were reported in each month across the year, with the largest number of cases detected in June (665 cases, 22.59%), while no season-specific distribution was found. There were 1 431 cases (48.61%) reported by disease control and prevention institutions, 1 511 cases (51.30%) reported by medical institutions, and 2 cases (0.07%) reported by inspection and quarantine institutions. During the period from 2011 to 2018, there were 6 deaths of imported malaria cases in Guangxi, and no secondary cases were reported. Conclusions The epidemic situation of local malaria has been effectively controlled in Guangxi; however, there is a great challenge for the management of overseas imported malaria. Strengthening the monitoring and management of migrant labors is the key to consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of EGR1 gene and the localization of EGR1 protein in bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs), as well as to investigate the mechanism that EGR1 protein enters the nucleus.@*METHODS@#Bovine MDSCs were cultured in differentiation medium for 1 day, 3 days and 5 days, respectively, and each group was triplicate. The expression of EGR1 gene and the localization of EGR1 protein were studied at different differentiation period in MDSCs by qRT-PC and Western blot. Moreover, the changes on the expression of endogenous EGR1 gene and EGR1 proteins were explored by CRISPRi, site-directed mutagenesis and laser confocal method.@*RESULTS@#The results from the qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expressions of EGR1 gene on transcription level and translation level were significantly higher in differentiated cells than those in undifferentiated cells. The highest expression was found on the third day after the differentiation, and then began to decline. Immunofluorescence assays showed that EGR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in differentiated MDSCs, and increased along with the increase of number of myotubes. Confocal observation revealed that some EGR1 proteins were transferred into the nucleus in the differentiation of cells, however, the EGR1 proteins would not be detected in the differentiated MDSCs nuclei if a site directed mutagenesis (serine) on EGR1 protein occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#During the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells, the transcriptional level of EGR1 gene is increased, and some EGR1 proteins are transferred into the nucleus. The serine phosphorylation at position 533 of the C terminal of EGR1 protein is necessary for the nucleus transfer.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cell Differentiation , Cell Nucleus , Cells, Cultured , Early Growth Response Protein 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle , MetabolismABSTRACT
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription which is used to treat ischaemic stroke and stroke-induced disabilities. However, the exact mechanism underlying BYHWD's amelioration of ischaemic stroke and its effective constituents remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify the effective constituents of BYHWD and to further explore its action mechanisms in the amelioration of ischaemic stroke by testing the activities of 15 absorbable chemical constituents of BYHWD with the same methods under the same conditions. The following actions of these 15 compounds were revealed: 1) Ferulic acid, calycosin, formononetin, astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ligustrazine, and propyl gallate significantly suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation; 2) Propyl gallate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, and ferulic acid markedly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells; 3) Propyl gallate and formononetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release; 4) Hydroxysafflor yellow A and inosine protected PC12 cells against the injuries caused by glutamate; and 5) Formononetin, astragaloside IV, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, inosine, paeoniflorin, ononin, paeonol, propyl gallate, ligustrazine, and ferulic acid significantly suppressed the constriction of the thoracic aorta induced by KCl in rats. In conclusion, the results from the present study suggest that BYHWD exerts its ischaemic stroke ameliorating activities by modulating multiple targets with multiple components.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Apoptosis , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Glucosides , Isoflavones , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Monoterpenes , PC12 Cells , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins , Stroke , Drug Therapy , TriterpenesABSTRACT
In order to comply with canceling the drug price addition policy in the new medical reform program, meet the requirements of meticulous management and intensified medication safety, and improve the efficiency of pharmacies, the hospital pharmaceutical supply chain must be rebuilt by modern logistics and information technologies. This article compared three models of current hospital pharmaceutical chain and considered the supply chain management model of cooperating with the third party as the most effective one in the aspects of cost, efficiency,quality control management and so on. System deployment and implementation Methods of this model were further elaborated from the aspects of Hospital Information System(HIS) reform, management strategy, system architecture and security.
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Objective To investigate the syndrome elements of chronic gastritis; To provide references for syndrome differentiation and treatment of chronic gastritis. Methods Totally 300 patients of chronic gastritis were investigated through a pre-designed scale. Syndrome elements were summarized with factor analysis. Results There were 6 common factors (syndrome elements) picked up by factor analysis. Syndrome elements of disease locations were stomach, spleen, liver, and syndrome elements of disease characteristics were qi deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, stagnated heat, damp obstruction, and dampness-heat, which were consistent with clinical observation. Conclusion It is feasible to apply factor analysis to syndrome elements of chronic gastritis, which can provide references for syndrome differentiation and treatment.
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Objective To study the expression of CD69 in exosomes existed in serum from patients with autoimmune pancrea titis (AIP) and primarily discuss its affection on the pathology of disease progression.Methods Serum samples from 35 cases diagnosed as AIP and 35 healthy individuals examined at the same time were collected during October 2012 to December 2016 in Changhai Hospital,they were defined as experimental and control groups,separately.The cytokine levels in serum were measured by ELISA.The expression of surfaced molecules in exosomes existed in serum was tested by magnetic bead conjunct antibody method in flow cytometry.The comparison between the two groups' measurement data was measured by two independent samples' t test,correlation between two variables was showed by Pearson coefficient.Results The flow cy tometry analysis showed that the expression level of CD69 in serum exosomes in experiment and control groups were (85.76 ±19.45 vs 17.01±5.89)％,with statistical difference(t=20.01,P＜0.0001).CD69+ exosomes in experiment group were positively related with serum IL-4,IFN-γ and TGF-β (r 0.456,0.678,0.548,all P＜0.05),while CD69 exosomes were negatively related with serum IL-4,IFN-γ,IL-10 and TGF-β (r=0.589,-0.399,-0.784,-0.657,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of CD69 in exosomes might participate in AIP progression through influencing the function of CD4 +T cell,and it was the potential examined biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Objective To explore the expression level of CD36 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from patients with crytococcal meningitis and its clinical significance.Methods The experimental group was the peripheral blood samples from 36 patients diagnosed as crytococcal meningitis in Changhai Hospital and Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai from September 2013 to February 2017,while the control group was the peripheral blood samples from 36 health individuals examined at the same time.PBMCs were separated by density gradient centrifugation method,the relative mRNA expression of CD36,TLR4 in PBMCs was tested by qRT-PCR,the expression level of cytokines such as TNF-α in plasma was tested by ELISA,the comparison of the examined values of experimental and control groups performed by two independent samples' t test,Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the relative mRNA expression of CD36 in PBMCs and cytokines such as TNF-α in experimental group.Results The relative mRNA expression of CD36 in PBMCs of experimental group was 2.01 ± 0.63,the control was 1.49 ± 0.47,and there was statistical difference (t =3.969,P =0.000 2).Pearson analysis results showed that in experimental group CD36 was positively related with the protein expression level of IFN-γ in plasma (r=0.384,P＜0.05) and negatively related with TGF-β(r=-0.487,P＜0.005).Conclusion CD36 might involve in the immunopathology process of crytococcal meningitic by influencing the expression of cytokines such as IFN-γ,TGF-β,and was the potential target for monitoring and treating this disease.
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Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription which is used to treat ischaemic stroke and stroke-induced disabilities. However, the exact mechanism underlying BYHWD's amelioration of ischaemic stroke and its effective constituents remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify the effective constituents of BYHWD and to further explore its action mechanisms in the amelioration of ischaemic stroke by testing the activities of 15 absorbable chemical constituents of BYHWD with the same methods under the same conditions. The following actions of these 15 compounds were revealed: 1) Ferulic acid, calycosin, formononetin, astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ligustrazine, and propyl gallate significantly suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation; 2) Propyl gallate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, and ferulic acid markedly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells; 3) Propyl gallate and formononetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release; 4) Hydroxysafflor yellow A and inosine protected PC12 cells against the injuries caused by glutamate; and 5) Formononetin, astragaloside IV, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, inosine, paeoniflorin, ononin, paeonol, propyl gallate, ligustrazine, and ferulic acid significantly suppressed the constriction of the thoracic aorta induced by KCl in rats. In conclusion, the results from the present study suggest that BYHWD exerts its ischaemic stroke ameliorating activities by modulating multiple targets with multiple components.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Apoptosis , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Glucosides , Isoflavones , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Monoterpenes , PC12 Cells , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins , Stroke , Drug Therapy , TriterpenesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the expression of PD-L1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and its significance.Methods Peripheral blood of 23 healthy individuals and 23 patients with PBC diagnosed in Changhai Hospital was collected during February 2013 to December 2015.PBMC was separated by density gradient centrifugation,then cultured.The mRNA expression of PD-L1 in PBMC was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR),the expression of cytokines such as TNF-α,TGF-β,IL-23,IL-17 in medium was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Two independent samples' t test was used to compare variables in two groups.Pearson correlative coefficient was used to reveal the relationship between two variables.Results mRNA expression of PD-L1 in experiment and control groups was 0.23±0.08 vs 1.27±0.40 (t=12.23,P＜0.000 1) and there was statistical significance.Pearson correlation analysis revealed that PD-L1 was negatively correlated with IL-23(r=-0.531,P =0.009) with difference statistically.Conclusion PD-L1 might involve in the development of PBC,and could be the potential biomarker for predicting and treating this disease.
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Objective To examine the expression of CD93 in serous exosomes from patients with cryptococcal meningitis,fur-ther explore its clinical significance.Methods The 38 experimental serum samples were from patients who received the diag-nosis with cryptococcal meningitis in Changhai Hospital and Changzheng Hospital in Shanghai from November 2012 to De-cember 2016.The diagnosis standardization was that the cerebrospinal fluid dyeing was positive or the culturing was posi-tive.The 38 controls were collected from the health individuals examined at the same time.The exosomes in serum was sepa-rated by the ultracentrifuge method.Magnetic bead-capture combined with the flow cytometry method was used to identify antigens on the surface of exosomes.The protein level of cytokines in serum was quantified by ELISA method.The compari-son of tested values from experimental and controlled groups was measured by two independent samples't test,and the cor-relation between two variates was showed by Pearson coefficient.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the ex-pression of CD93 on exosomes in the serum samples from experimental group was higher than that in the controlled group, which was(79.11±19.31 vs 23.98±6.56)%,with difference in statistics(t=16.66,P<0.000 1).The expression levels of IFN-γin serum samplefrom experimental and control groups were(39.78±10.77 vs 58.98±16.99)pg/ml,with differ-ence in statistics(t=5.884,P<0.000 1).The expression levels of IL-17 in serum sample from experimental and control groups were(16.32±4.03 vs 3.11±0.87)pg/ml,with difference in statistics(t=19.75,P<0.000 1).The expression lev-els of IL-1β in serum sample from experimental and control groups were(57.12 ± 12.98 vs 13.45 ± 4.78)pg/ml,with difference in statistics(t=19.46,P<0.000 1).The percentage of CD93+exosomes was positively correlative with IFN-γ, IL-17,IL-1β(r=0.488,0.456,0.532,P<0.01)in serum samples from the experimental group and there was statistical difference.Conclusion In the disease process of cryptococcal meningitis,the expression of CD93 on exosomes might involve in the diseases'processes by affecting the CD4+T cells.
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To study the effect and possible molecular mechanisms of Terminalia chebula extract HZ4 on focal cerebral infarction in rats, 90 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, T. chebula extract HZ4 high dose, middle dose and low dose groups (80, 40, 20 mg•kg ⁻¹•d ⁻¹, ig) and positive control group (Panax notoginseng saponins, PNS 30 mg•kg ⁻¹•d ⁻¹, ig). The focal cerebral infarction models were established by photochemical method. After the rats were administered for 7 consecutive days, neurogenic behavior rating of these rats was done by balance beam test and foot fault test. The cells morphological changes of penumbra in focal cerebral infarction were investigated by HE staining method; the infarct volume was detected by TTC staining. The expression levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1, the key node genes in Wnt signaling pathway of the focal penumbra tissues were detected via RT-PCR. The results showed that, as compared with the model group, behavioural indicators were improved significantly in the rats of administration groups, and the infarct volume and pathological changes of penumbra tissues were also improved at the same time. Compared with the model group, the expression levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in Wnt signaling pathway were significantly up-regulated in administration groups(P<0.01). This study first confirmed that T. chebula extract HZ4 can decrease infarct volume, improve the sport ability score, and promote rehabilitation of model animals. In addition, it could significant up-regulated the expression levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1, and the mechanism may be associated with Wnt signaling pathway. The study is innovative to a certain extent.